Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology

Article Title: Compounds Isolated from Wikstroemia taiwanensis Regulate Bone Remodeling by Modulating Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activities.

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670254

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 | Effects of crude extracts of various parts of Wikstroemia taiwanensis and fractions from the active extract on cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human osteoblast cells. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates, and after 24 h, samples (100 μg/ml) were added. (A) Cell viability and (B) ALP activity assays were performed using leaves (WTL), stems (WTS), and roots of W. taiwanensis (WTR). (C) Cell viability and (D) ALP activity after treating cells with the WTL fraction for five days. Experiments were carried out in triplicate. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Primary human osteoblasts (HOb cells, Cell Applications, San Diego, CA, United States ) weremaintained in an osteoblast growth medium kit (Cell Applications) in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology

Article Title: Compounds Isolated from Wikstroemia taiwanensis Regulate Bone Remodeling by Modulating Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activities.

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670254

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 | Effects of isolated compounds on cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization in human osteoblast cells. Cells were seeded on 96-well plates for (A) cell viability and (B) ALP activity assays. Samples were added after 24 h of seeding, which was followed by performing detection assays after 5 days. To assess mineralization, cells were seeded in 48-well plates, and after 4 days, drugs were added alternatively using osteoblast differentiation medium and enhancers. An alizarin red S assay was performed after 11 days. (C) Detection of mineral deposition after using alizarin red S stain. (D) Quantification of mineral deposition. Experiments were carried out in triplicate. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. 1, astragalin; 2, kaempferol 3-O- β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside; and 5, 2,5-dimethoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl cinnamic alcohol.

Article Snippet: Primary human osteoblasts (HOb cells, Cell Applications, San Diego, CA, United States ) weremaintained in an osteoblast growth medium kit (Cell Applications) in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C.

Techniques: Isolation, Activity Assay, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology

Article Title: Compounds Isolated from Wikstroemia taiwanensis Regulate Bone Remodeling by Modulating Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activities.

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670254

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 | Effects of active compounds on the expression of estrogen receptor (ESR)-α in human osteoblast cells. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates, and samples were added 24 h later. After five days, expression of ESR-α was detected using an ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Experiments were carried out in triplicate. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. 1, astragalin and 2, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)- β-D-glucopyranoside.

Article Snippet: Primary human osteoblasts (HOb cells, Cell Applications, San Diego, CA, United States ) weremaintained in an osteoblast growth medium kit (Cell Applications) in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology

Article Title: Compounds Isolated from Wikstroemia taiwanensis Regulate Bone Remodeling by Modulating Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activities.

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670254

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 5 | Effects of active compounds on mRNA expression levels of bone formation-related genes in human osteoblast cells. Cells were seeded in 6 cm dishes, and after 24 h, samples were added using fresh osteoblast differentiation medium. Following this, cells were collected for RNA isolation and cDNA generation. mRNA expression levels were detected using a UPL-probe system, and data are depicted as multiples. Experiments were carried out in triplicate. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. 1, astragalin and 2, kaempferol 3-O- β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside.

Article Snippet: Primary human osteoblasts (HOb cells, Cell Applications, San Diego, CA, United States ) weremaintained in an osteoblast growth medium kit (Cell Applications) in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Standard Deviation